Wakefield Museums and Castles

Pontefract Castle Pontefract Castle

Medieval herb garden blog 19: Lily of the valley

Wednesday, May 14, 2025

Week 19 volunteer update

Another scorcher today! Dave and Kaiden watered all the planters on site. Carole introduced the Medieval Herb Garden to two new volunteers, Caroline and Louis. There was the necessary admin and health and safety instructions to cover. Some of the plants are poisonous and thorny and the garden is on an uneven slope.

Then Caroline and Louis got to grips with deadheading the cowslips and lungwort. They also did some general weeding.

Carole tackled the over-abundance of hound’s tongue seedlings that had sprung up around the golden rod.

Woad growing in the sun at Pontefract Castle. A yellow flowering bush in full bloom in front of an uneven stone ruin with an outdoor interpretation panel in the foreground.

At this time of year, the woad is looking particularly lovely.

Plant of the week - Lily of the Valley (convallaria magalis)

The source of the name 'lily of the valley' is unknown. European herbalists have been using it since late the 1400s or 1500s. It is also known by other names such as: conval lily, lady's tears, May bells, May lily, mayflower, muguet, and Our Lady's tears.

Lily of the valley is from the Northern hemisphere of Europe and Asia. It grows to a height and spread of 12 inches. It is a perennial, deciduous and herbaceous plant. This means it blooms over spring and summer then dies back each winter, without leaving any stems above ground.

It has paired, broad, oval, green leaves, 4 to 10 inches long. It has erect stems of up to 12 nodding, bell-shaped, fragrant white flowers. Each bell comprises six purest white tepals (sometimes pink), fused at the base. The edges are turned back with six small scallops. In September the plant may produce small berries that are orange-red.

Lily of the valley usually prefers to grow in full or partial shade and not south-facing. It will grow in any soil as long as it is moist. However, in the MHG it is surviving in full sun, dry soil, and facing south!

A close up of lily of the valley growing in the garden, showing a cluster of small white bell shaped flowers with scalloped edge, among long green leaves.

Lily of the valley growing in the Medieval Herb Garden

Medieval uses of Lily of the Valley*

Lily of the valley is toxic. Despite this, in medieval lore, it was celebrated for its ability to improve memory. It was also said to help the heart, and used as a diuretic to make you wee!

The powdered flowers have been said to cause sneezing, and to help in the relief of headache and earache.

An ointment of the root and lard was thought to be good for ulcers. It was also used for healing burns and scalds without leaving a scar.

*As always, this isn't to be considered medical advice today. Please don't use any plants mentioned in these blogs as medicine without advice from a doctor.

Medieval herb garden blogs

Browse all blogs by our dedicated team of volunteer gardeners at Pontefract Castle. Discover each 'Plant of the Week' as chosen throughout 2025.

More blogs

Subscribe to our newsletter

Be the first to hear about our upcoming exhibitions, events, workshops and news!